khắc nghiệt

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The Vietnamese word "khắc nghiệt" translates to "harsh" or "severe" in English. It is often used to describe situations, conditions, or environments that are tough, difficult, or extreme.

Usage Instructions:

• "Khắc nghiệt" is typically used as an adjective. It can describe weather, circumstances, rules, or any scenario that is particularly challenging or unkind.
• It can be used in both everyday conversation and more formal writing.

Examples:

1. Time and Weather:

   • "Mùa đông ở miền Bắc Việt Nam rất khắc nghiệt." (The winter in Northern Vietnam is very harsh.)

2. Conditions:

   • "Họ sống trong điều kiện khắc nghiệt." (They live in harsh conditions.)

3. Rules or Systems:

   • "Chế độ phong kiến khắc nghiệt." (The harsh feudal system.)

Advanced Usage:

• You can also use "khắc nghiệt" to describe emotional or psychological states, such as "khắc nghiệt với bản thân" (harsh on oneself) when talking about self-discipline or criticism.

Word Variants:

• There are no direct variants of "khắc nghiệt," but it can be combined with other words to form phrases, such as:
  • "khắc nghiệt về thời tiết" (harsh weather)
  • "khắc nghiệt trong cuộc sống" (harsh in life)

Different Meanings:

While "khắc nghiệt" primarily means "harsh," it can also imply a sense of strictness or rigidity, especially in rules or expectations.

Academic

1. Harsh
   • Chế độ phong kiến khắc nghiệt
     The harshfeudal system